When you substitute someone else's understanding or expression for your own, you avoid the work of using and improving your own expressive ability.
Therefore, plagiarism also defeats the university's goal of teaching students to write, not just copy. Second, plagiarism is a form of lying , because the professor is expecting to read your words, not someone else's.
Plagiarism destroys the mutual respect that should exist between professor and student. Many professors take plagiarism very personally. If you have ever taken your time to teach someone something you consider valuable and then found that your time was wasted, you will understand the feeling. Third, plagiarism defeats the purpose of scholarship. Thus it is unacceptable from all scholars, not just students. The goal of scholarship is to discover, understand, and create.
That purpose is defeated when old knowledge is fraudulently presented as original and new. For the same reason plagiarism is also unacceptable in many nonacademic professional fields such as journalism and creative writing. Exceptions in certain fields do not extend to students.
There are certainly some times in industry and the professions where originality and authorship are not important and it is appropriate to take other people's words without citing them. For example, an executive might copy text for a business plan without being expected to cite the source, or a lawyer might copy language from one contract to another. However, even if you are training for such a profession, you are a student who is still learning the craft.
Whatever the conventions are in the "real world" of employment, in the real world of teaching and learning you are expected to do your own writing and avoid plagiarism no matter what class you are in. Sometimes plagiarism is described as a form of stealing or copyright infringement. It can be. However, it is always unacceptable to plagiarize, even if the author of the work says you can use it. How do I avoid plagiarism?
Plagiarism defeats the University's goal of teaching students to write, not just copy. There are three things you need to do to avoid plagiarism: Think, Write, and Signal. Think about your paper topic and the research you have done. Make sure you have actually thought about everything in your paper well enough to explain it in your own words.
Make sure you start the assignment soon enough to think and understand, not just research and type. Generate your own words to express your own understanding. If you cannot get started, or if you think your words are just too clumsy or inadequate, get help from your professor or the Writing Center. Other people's words should always be a supplement, not a substitute, for your own writing. Clearly signal whenever you are using someone else's words, whether you are using them by direct quotation or paraphrase.
Any direct quotation must be indicated by two things: "quotation marks" or else "block quotation" plus a "reference" also called a "citation" to the source. A reference alone is not sufficient to signal a direct quotation. In addition, when you are writing your own words you will naturally tend to signal a quotation with an indication in your paper, in your own words, about where the quotation comes from and why you included it -- perhaps because it is well-known, or was written by an expert, or even that it expresses an idea that is particularly mistaken or silly.
How do quotation marks, block quotations, and references work? Quotation marks are a form of punctuation used to indicate that words were said or written by someone else. Unless you are writing in a foreign language, a quotation mark looks like this: " Put one quotation mark at the beginning of the quotation and another one at the end.
Quotation marks are usually used with quotations no longer than 20 or 25 words. Avoiding plagiarism: Think. A block quotation separates a quotation from the rest of the text by beginning a new line for the quotation, indenting it, then indenting each additional line of the quotation in the same way. Block indentation is usually used with quotations longer than 20 or 25 words. Some systems of citation also require single-spacing and indenting both margins of any block quotation, so be sure to check the appropriate style for your paper.
A "reference" or "citation" tells the reader where quoted material comes from. The most common reference forms are text references, footnotes, and endnotes.
Which form you should use depends on what class your paper is for. Text references provide source information within the body of the text, usually in parentheses.
Footnotes and endnotes consist of a signal in the text, usually a numeral, that is inserted right after the quotation or paraphrase then is reproduced, along with information about the source, either at the bottom of the page footnote or at the end of the paper endnote.
All three kinds of references may be accompanied by an extra page at the end of the paper, usually entitled "Bibliography" or "Works Cited" that lists all of the paper's sources in alphabetical order. Merely including the source in your bibliography is totally insufficient to indicate that a passage quoted from that source is not your own writing.
Your professor may or may not care which citation system you use. For the purpose of avoiding plagiarism, it doesn't matter, as long as you clearly indicate where every quotation and paraphrase comes from. What is "paraphrase"? Paraphrase is repeating in your own words the thought expressed in someone else's words.
Paraphrase ranges from a very loose rewording of the text's basic idea okay to a nearly-identical version of the words or sentence structure of the original text not okay. This spectrum means there is no sharp boundary between appropriate and inappropriate paraphrase. There are many free plagiarism checkers online. Grammarly is one well-known option, and Grammarly Premium is free for students, so you can try it out without having to spend a penny.
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What is plagiarism? First Name. Table of contents For students: Self-plagiarism in college For academics: Self-plagiarism in published works Consequences of self-plagiarism How do educational institutions detect self-plagiarism?
Your academic institution may not accept your work if you recycle your own previous assignments. Self-plagiarism in academia has ethical and legal implications. Published research is expected to make a new and original contribution to knowledge, so recycling your old work undermines academic integrity. Your journal submissions will likely be rejected if you self-plagiarize. Upload your own documents to compare your text with your previous work and check for similarities.
Many universities treat self-plagiarism the same way they treat other types of plagiarism , with the same consequences for committing it. At most universities, plagiarism results in an automatic zero on the assignment, and sometimes an automatic failing grade in the course.
More serious consequences involve academic probation or even expulsion. If you reuse a previously-submitted assignment, you are also hurting your learning process. Some university departments do allow you to reuse previous work under certain circumstances. Make sure you fully understand the policy to avoid facing unintended consequences.
If your university allows you to reuse elements of your old work, be sure to check with your professors and get permission before doing so. The consequences for an academic or researcher who self-plagiarizes can be quite severe, ranging from delayed or rejected publication to copyright infringement. If your article is too similar to one of your previously published works, the journal is likely to reject it outright, or require extensive edits to your submission.
This impacts your reputation as a researcher and may lead to future rejections. Even if the journal allows resubmissions of previously published work, be sure to check whether the original publisher owns the copyright of your paper.
If you publish large portions of the same material elsewhere even with a citation , you may be infringing copyright, which could have legal consequences. If you had a co-author, be sure to get their permission prior to resubmitting, and give them appropriate credit in the citation.
Not doing so could constitute fraud. In addition to plagiarism software databases, many educational institutions keep databases of submitted assignments. Sometimes, they even have access to databases at other institutions. If you hand in even a portion of an old assignment a second time, the plagiarism software will flag it as self-plagiarism.
Online plagiarism checkers not affiliated with a university do not have access to the internal databases of educational institutions, and therefore their software cannot check your document for self-plagiarism. This unique tool allows you to upload your own original sources and compare them with your new assignment. It will flag any unintentional self-plagiarism, in addition to other forms of plagiarism, and helps ensure that you add the correct citations prior to submitting your assignment.
Plagiarism policies can often be found in the honor code, handbook, or submission requirements. You can cite yourself just like you would cite any other source.
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